Symbolism Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter

Symbolism in the Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is known to have a lot of symbolism. Symbolism is a way to convey ideas and give a book a deeper meaning to readers. While there are many symbols in the Scarlet Letter, there are a few that stand out more than others. Pearl, Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth are all main characters that have symbols. Hawthorne symbols are used to help readers relate to the story. In order to really comprehend the book the reader must understand the use of symbolism and what each of the characters represent. Pearl is the daughter of Hester and Dimmesdale. She was conceived while Hester was married to Chillingworth so Pearl was born out of sin. Pearl symbolizes the†¦show more content†¦Dimmesdale’s scarlet letter on his chest showed that â€Å"...where the letter may be guessed to have appeared for a similar signifying function as on Hester, it is, however, as invisible as the act or condition it ref ers to†(Bell,17). While Dimmesdale may physically have the scarlet letter, the scarlet letter does not do anything in helping to relieve his guilt. No one knows of the scarlet letter on his breast or the child he made with Hester out of wedlock. He can not fully face the punishments for his sin making the guilt eat him alive. Many people assume that he took the easy road between him and Hester, but in the end he is the one who suffers most because he is unable to repent for his sins. Also, while readers might also assume that Dimmesdale holds regret for ever becoming involved with Hester, that is not the case. Dimmesdale says †...of penance there has been enough, of penitence there is none† (Hawthorne, 212). Dimmesdale is saying that no matter what he does to punish himself it does not heal him and that he has no regret for being with Hester and having Pearl. While Dimmesdale symbolizes guilt and regret, Hester symbolizes repentance. Repentance is the act of admitting your sins and starting to get forgiveness for them. Hester is a prime example of repentance. Hester admitted to the sin of adultery and she took the consequences for the sin. She proved to all the townspeople that she was still aShow MoreRelatedSymbolism Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter882 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter was a novel written in the 1850 s by a man named Nathaniel Hawthorne. Throughout the Scarlet Letter he uses scads of literary devices. The literary devices are there to give the novel more depth. The main device he uses in the novel is symbolism. Hawthorne uses the symbolism to make an object have more than one meaning. Three of the elements he uses as symbols are the scarlet letter, Pearl, and the forest. These symbols are seen differently by theRead MoreSymbolism By Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1140 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism; the use of symbols to represent something abstract by something concrete. It can be powerful in a novel when used correctly. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is a prime example of Symbolism being used creatively in a work.This is what Hyatt H. Waggoner has to say about the Hawthornes creativity.† But in between the surface and the depths movement is constant and complex, and it is in this middle that the principal value of the work lies.†(Waggoner 73)What Waggoner is talking aboutRead MoreSymbolism Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1122 Words   |  5 Pagesdraft Topic: Symbolism of the Scarlet letter â€Å"A† In The Scarlet letter the author Nathaniel Hawthorne illustrates the use of symbolism in the book, especially the scarlet letter â€Å"A.† Symbolism is defined as a figure of speech used for an object, or a word to represent something else in literature. The Scarlet letter â€Å"A† had a change of meaning throughout the novel. In the inception of the book it is known as a symbol of Adultery. As the book continues the scarlet letter is looked at differentlyRead MoreSymbolism, Use Of Color, And Themes Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1657 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism, Use of Color, and Themes in The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter is regarded as the first symbolic novel in American Literature for Nathaniel Hawthorne s skillful use of symbolism and allegory. The novel is also said to be the greatest accomplishment of American short story and is viewed as the first American psychological novel, which makes Hawthorne win an incomparable position in American Literature. Hawthorne’s â€Å"unique gift† for using this kind of skills taps into the roots of manRead MoreSymbolism Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s Scarlet Letter And The Minister s Black Veil 1083 Words   |  5 PagesAlex Rojas Ms. Bacon English IV H 11/3/15 Many dark romantics use symbolism to support the themes in their stories. The themes represented by these symbols tend to represent sin and evil. Like many of his writing counterparts, Nathaniel Hawthorne extensively uses symbolism in several of his major works to explore sin and human nature. The Scarlett Letter, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Minister s Black Veil† are all vivid examples of this exploration and are the focus of this analysis. BeforeRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagesmeaning. Symbolism occurs in everyday ordinary life. One of the most recognizable stories that contain symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’sRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1187 Words   |  5 PagesPuritanism in Red Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter shows the early view of Puritanism by concentrating on sin, guilt, and its effects on society. Nathaniel Hawthorne conveyed a dark and romantic style of writing in â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, impacting the society by focusing on the concepts of romanticism. The Scarlet Letter is considered a classic book and is still read today. Nathaniel Hathorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts on July 4, 1804. He was the son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth ClarkRead MoreABy Major Characters In The Scarlet Letter1202 Words   |  5 PagesInterpretation of the ‘A’ by Major Characters in The Scarlet Letter People have different cultures and experiences throughout their lives; therefore, they all have different perspectives of the same object. Various authors use different perspectives of people to make objects mean different based on how people approach it. Not only the readers see the object in different ways, but also the characters in the story. The Scarlet Letter uses various symbolism such as ‘A , rosebush, the forest and more whichRead More Scarlet Critique Essay870 Words   |  4 Pages The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne was written in 1850. It was based on the Puritans of the 1600s, which were revived in Hawthornes era. Hawthorne descended from Puritan heritage and harbored a sense of guilt and hatred for their way of life. He used many themes and literary techniques in The Scarlet Letter including symbolism and irony. He emphasized the individuals role in the community and the role of women in society. Hawthorne used romanticism as opposed to the classical correctnessRead MoreThe Theme Of Guilt In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne935 Words   |  4 Pagesa very famous author, Nathaniel Hawthorne mostly wrote about the puritans in colonial America. Even though the puritan religion died soon after the Salem Witch Trials, Hawthorne is obsessed with their society and writes a lot about the 1600’s. The Scarlet Letter is also based around the puritan community in the 1600’s. While it is not known whether this novel is based on a true story or not it still captures the attention of many readers. The story contains a lot of symbolism that is hidden and encourages

The Unnamed Man s Imminent Downfall - 1506 Words

Garrett Wight Prof. Ian Storey College English 28 October 2015 The Unnamed Man’s Imminent Downfall Some people tend to not look at the entire picture when evaluating another person and depicting their personality and attitude. While evaluating the man in â€Å"To Build a Fire† that was traveling to â€Å"the boys†, it can be inferred that he had many flaws in his personality and in his attitude (London 549). Others might have been blinded by the other pieces of evidence suggesting he was a hero, an intelligent man, or a great outdoorsman. This unnamed man, who has no name for a purpose, is depicted as stubborn and unaffected by obvious warnings in the very beginning of the story. It can be argued that this man is a fool because he disregarded†¦show more content†¦(London 548) The man was unaffected by the severity of his surroundings. He recognized them exactly for what they were and not for how they would affect him. His egotism masked the reality of human beings being frail in comparison to nature. London uses the concept of repetition to establish the fact of the cold in the reader’s mind and to also show how the cold â€Å"deprived him initially of a will, then of desires, and at last of life itself†(Mitchell 80). This repetition marks stupidity in the fact that the man does not learn from his mistakes; in fact, he rather continues to justify his decisions based on his egocentric mindset. Usually when a person is given advice from an older and wiser person, they accept and use the advice. This man refused the advice given to him by the man from Sulphur Creek. He recollected when the old man told him how cold it got sometimes, and the man laughed at the thought. Once again, after he fell into the freezing water, he remembered the o ld man telling him that no man should travel alone in 50 below 0 weather or colder. At this time, he had made a fire to warm himself up; all was going well. This made him think how â€Å"womanish† the old man was and how much of a manly man he, himself was (London 553). Soon, thereafter, his fire was put out by the snow on a tree because of his recklessness when gathering sticks for the fire. After that he realized how much of a fool he had been

Conducts an in-Depth Analysis on Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Conducts an in-Depth Analysis on Accounting. Answer: Introduction: The report mainly evaluates the significance of management and financial accounting, which are used by companies to make adequate decisions. In addition, the study also focuses on evaluating the significance of latest softwares that could improve the financial growth decision of an organization. Furthermore, the study also shows the overall classification of cost, which might help organizations in making adequate decisions. In addition, the novices with the help of examples are able to portray the objective of preparing budgets, standard cost and variance analysis. Lastly, the study sheds light on favourable and adverse variances of budget, which might help organizations in making budgets that are more suitable for its future growth. Evaluating the need for investing in the latest software of management accounting as well as financial accounting in an organisation: In addition, with the help of latest softwares in management and financial accounting J Sainsbury Company could effectively increase the efficiency of the report generated by accounting software. Moreover, the boost in technology has mainly helped in increasing the overall accuracy of analyzing the demand and sales on particular seasons. Furthermore, with the help of this advanced softwares Sainsbury could effectively minimize the overall expenditure and maximize its profitability. Gogus and Ozer (2014) argued that continuous investments in latest softwares could increase the overall expenditure of the company and might affect its cash reserves. However, Boulianne (2014) stated that adoption of latest technology in the business could help in improving the overall decision-making process and might increase investment scope of an organization. Financial accounting Management accounting It mainly helps in communicating financial position of the company It helps in the decision making process of the company It is a mandatory system that need to be adopted by organist ions It is not mandatory for organizations Financial accounting mainly regulates under GAAP, IAS and IFRS It is does not have any kind of guidelines or regulations Its only portrays the past transactions conducted by the company It mainly portrays the overall future growth estimated by the company It is prepared for external audience like shareholder, government etc of an organization It is mainly prepared for internal directors committee of a organizations Table 1: Showing the difference between financial and management accounting (Source: Taipaleenmaki and Ikaheimo 2013) Evaluating the significance of classifying costs on the basis of behaviour, function, relevance and types in business decision making: Estimating and evaluating cost in organization is a significant role, which mainly helps companies to survive in the competitive market. In addition, with the help of cost classifications companies are able to evaluate the overall expenditure conducted on different levels. In this context, Drury (2013) stated that organizations with the help of cost classifications companies are able to effectively price their products and maintain the competitive edge in the market. On the other hand, Mensink et al. (2013) criticized that wrong classification of cost could results in loss and might reduce the overall capital invested by the company. Figure 1: Showing the different Cost classification in a manufacturing organization (Source: Lopez et al. 2015) With the help of figure 1, the overall different costs that are conducted in a manufacturing company can be effectively evaluated. In addition, these classifications mainly help in evaluating the different cost, which are currently conducted by the company. Huynh et al. (2014) stated that cost classification also help management to make adequate investment and expansion decisions, which might help in improving productivity of the organization. Refer to appendix 1 for examples of cost classification. The main significance of cost classifications are as follows: Reduction in excess expenditure: In addition, with the help of cost classifications on different organizations are able to segregate the indirect and direct costs that are related to production. Moreover, theses segregation mainly helps in reducing excess expenditure conducted by the company. Lopez et al. (2012) mentioned that companies that use cost classifications effectively are able to reduce their expenditure and maximize their profits from sales. However, Wang et al. (2014) argued that cost classification is an expensive process, which is mainly conducted by organizations to manage their uncontrolled expenditure. Increase efficiency of the decisions making process: Furthermore, with the help of effective cost classifications manufacturing companies are able to evaluate different costs situated within the levels of production. In addition, cost classification also helps the management to make adequate decisions regarding adoption of new machinery or budgeting process to reduce the overall rising costs. Marshall et al. (2011) mentioned that cost classification mainly help companies to make adequate expansion plans, which might help in increasing their revenue generation capacity. On the contrary, Pan et al. (2015) argued that during an economic crises cost classification could lose its friction due to the rising expenditure and low revenue generated by the company. ABC being a manufacturing company has both direct and indirect cost, which helps in generating the required revenue. However, cost classification could help ABC Company to make adequate decisions in reducing its overall expenditure on non-productive activities. Furthermore, it could be effectively concluded that ABC Company could increase efficiency of its decisions and reduce excess expenditure conducted in its manufacturing process. Evaluating the objectives of preparing budgets with appropriate examples of operational budgets: Budgets are an essential part of planning, which help companies to identify the required liquidity needed in their production function. In addition, budget also helps in reducing the overall expenditure and improves profitability of the company. In this context, Taft et al. (2013) stated that with the help of budget companies are able in effectively managing their liquidity and productivity, which in turn increases their capacity to make sustainable profits. On the other hand, Li and Dong (2014) criticized that change in future inflation rate is not included in budgets, which in might raise projected expenditure and reduce profits of the company. Moreover, the objectives of budgets are as follows. Predicting future cash flows: The main objective of preparing budgets is to predict the future cash flows that could be conducted by the company. In addition, the estimations of future cash flows mainly help the company in maintaining the required funds, which could help in supporting adequate level of productivity. Joshua and Mohammed (2013) stated that projected cash flow from budgets mainly help companies to make relevant marketing decisions, which in turn increases its profitability and customer base. On the other hand, Berman (2015) criticized that budgets could lose its friction during an economic crisis, which in turn might reduce revenue generation capacity of the company. Evaluating Scenarios: Furthermore, with the help of budget companies are able to determine different courses, which could be taken to reduce risk from external environments. In addition, budgets also help in preparing the companies for the worst-case scenario that could negatively affect its productivity. On the contrary, Raudla (2013) mentioned that budgets only evaluates financial outcomes and does not consider external factors, which might negatively affect operation of the company. Measuring performance: In addition, with the help of budget companies are able to measure their overall performance. Moreover, companies mainly use variance analysis to measure difference between actual and budgetary figures, which in turn helps in evaluating accuracy of its budgeting process. In this context, Li and Dong (2014) argued that variance analysis is losing its friction as companies are using budgetary slack method to modify their budget and achieve targeted objectives. On the other hand, Arbatli and Escolano (2015) cited that increased variance could hamper productivity of the organization, which in might project the incompetency of its budgeting team. Allocating financial resource: Moreover, budgets also help companies to make adequate financial resource allocation decisions, which mainly help them to make the required productivity level. On the other hand, Joshua and Mohammed (2013) criticized that viability and authenticity of the budget conducted hampered if inexperienced executives have prepared it. However, Berman (2015) mentioned that sound budget could only be prepared if companies have not used any unethical measures in preparing their financials report. Income Actual Budget Difference Sales Sales - Qtr 1 45,000 48,000 (3,000) Sales - Qtr 2 37,000 44,000 (7,000) Sales - Qtr 3 44,000 48,000 (4,000) Sales - Qtr 4 55,000 53,000 2,000 Other - Total Sales 181,000 193,000 (12,000) Cost of Goods Beginning Inventory 12,000 14,000 (2,000) Goods Purchased or Manufactured 33,000 30,000 3,000 Shipping Charges 3,500 2,500 1,000 Labour (wages and payroll) 22,000 21,000 1,000 Other 2,300 1,800 500 Less Ending Inventory 14,000 10,000 4,000 Cost of Goods Sold 58,800 59,300 (500) Gross Profit 122,200 133,700 (11,500) Total INCOME 122,200 133,700 (11,500) EXPENSES Operating Expenses Advertising 1,500 1,000 500 Depreciation 2,300 2,300 - Insurance 4,000 3,500 500 Office Supplies 1,200 1,500 (300) Rent 3,600 4,000 (400) Salaries and Wages 12,000 12,500 (500) Other 3,600 3,800 (200) Total Operating Expenses 28,200 28,600 (400) Net Profit 94,000 105,100 (11,100) Table 2: Showing the example of operational budget (Source: As created by author) Determining how standard costs are used for variance analysis and discussing about favourable and adverse variances: Variance analysis is mainly conducted to evaluate the difference between actual and budgeted amount of an organization. In addition, companies use standard costing method, when actual costs are hard to derive. Furthermore, standard costing method is mainly used by manufacturing companies to derive the actual cost of production, which in turn might help in evaluating the profits derived in current fiscal year. In this context, Badem et al. (2013) suggested that standard cost method help organizations to make effective production budget and allocate adequate funds in the manufacturing process. On the other hand, Oker and AdÄ ±guzel (2016) criticized that some companies uses unethical measure in creating favourable variance to achieve targeted goals. Moreover, standard costing is mainly used as a base, which helps variance analysis to compare the actual costs of the company. Standard Cost for Tamer Manufacturing Company Particulars Per unit Amount Amount Material 10 1.8 18 Labour 6 hours 5.5 33 Overhead 4 hours 6 24 Total 20 13.3 75 Actual Cost Particulars Per unit Amount Amount Materials 1 9 2 18 Labour 7 5 35 Overhead 3 5.4 16.2 Total 19 12.4 69.2 Material Usage Variance -2 Unfavourable Labour Efficiency Variance 3 Favourable Variable Overheads Efficiency 2.4 Favourable Total variance 18 Favourable Table 3: Showing the example of Standard Cost (Source: As created by author) Table 3, mainly helps in evaluating the different variance that are favourable or unfavourable for Tamer Manufacturing Company. In addition, standard costing also uses favourable and adverse variance to determine the overall viability of cost conducted by the company. Furthermore, with help of favourable variance analysis the company is able in effectively maintaining its productivity and liquidity. On the other hand, CPA and Shi (2016) criticized that some companies uses unethical measures in their standard costing process, which in turn inflates their balance sheet. However, Oker and AdÄ ±guzel (2016) stated that with the help of standard costing method manufacturing companies are able to prepare adequate budgets, which help in maintaining the required level of productivity. The manipulation in standard cost might provide favourable variance, but negatively affect profit generation capacity of the company. Moreover, adverse variance mainly helps the company to reduce their overall cost of production, which in turn might help in improving its overall profitability. In addition, the adverse variance analysis mainly indicates the incompetency of the accountant in determining the standard cost of a particular production process. Badem et al. (2013) cited that unfavorable variance analysis motivates the organization to make suitable changes in their administrative department, which could help in supporting its future endeavours. On the other hand, CPA and Shi (2016) criticized that standard costing loses its friction due to intense competition, which eventual reduces profitability of the company and hamper its future endeavours. Conclusion: The study mainly helps in evaluating different cost and budgeting process that could be used by companies to increase their productivity. In addition, the report also sheds light on the use of latest financial and management accounting software. Furthermore, the novice effectively evaluates the significance of cost classification, which could help in reducing overall cost of production. Moreover, the assignment also provides details on the objective of preparing budgets and an effective example of operational budget. Lastly, the novice provides details on impact of standard cost in variance analysis, which could help companies determine favourable and adverse variances. Reference: Arbatli, E. and Escolano, J., 2015. Fiscal transparency, fiscal performance and credit ratings.Fiscal Studies,36(2), pp.237-270. Badem, A.C., Ergin, E. and Drury, C., 2013. Is standard costing still used? Evidence from Turkish automotive industry.International Business Research,6(7), p.79. Berman, L., 2015.The Office of Management and Budget and the presidency, 1921-1979. Princeton University Press. Boulianne, E., 2014. Impact of accounting software utilization on students' knowledge acquisition: An important change in accounting education.Journal of Accounting Organizational Change,10(1), pp.22-48. CPA, A.B. and Shi, Y., 2016. Leaning Away From Standard Costing.Strategic Finance,97(12), p.38. DRURY, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer. Gogus, C.G. and Ozer, G., 2014. The Roles of Technology Acceptance Model Antecedents and Switching Cost on Accounting Software Use.Academy of Information and Management Sciences Journal,17(1), p.1.sss Huynh, D., Laeyendecker, O. and Brookmeyer, R., 2014. A serial risk score approach to disease classification that accounts for accuracy and cost.Biometrics,70(4), pp.1042-1051. Joshua, O. and Mohammed, N.A., 2013. Budget Target Setting and Effective Performance Measurement in Nigerian Hospitality Industry.Journal of Finance Economics,1(3), pp.39-50. Li, X. and Dong, H., 2014. On the Preparation and Implementation of Research Budget in Agricultural Institutes.Asian Agricultural Research,6(8), p.98. Lopez, V., del Ro, S., Bentez, J.M. and Herrera, F., 2015. Cost-sensitive linguistic fuzzy rule based classification systems under the MapReduce framework for imbalanced big data.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,258, pp.5-38. Lpez, V., Fernndez, A., Moreno-Torres, J.G. and Herrera, F., 2012. Analysis of preprocessing vs. cost-sensitive learning for imbalanced classification. Open problems on intrinsic data characteristics.Expert Systems with Applications,39(7), pp.6585-6608. Marshall, D.H., McManus, W.W. and Viele, D.F., 2011.Accounting. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Mensink, T., Verbeek, J., Perronnin, F. and Csurka, G., 2013. Distance-based image classification: Generalizing to new classes at near-zero cost.IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence,35(11), pp.2624-2637. ker, F. and AdÄ ±gzel, H., 2016. Timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ driven activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based costing: An implementation in a manufacturing company.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,27(3), pp.39-56. Pan, S., Wu, J. and Zhu, X., 2015. Cogboost: boosting for fast cost-sensitive graph classification.IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering,27(11), pp.2933-2946. Raudla, R., 2013. Fiscal retrenchment in Estonia during the financial crisis: The role of institutional factors.Public Administration,91(1), pp.32-50. Taft, M.K., Hosein, Z.Z., Mehrizi, S.M.T. and Roshan, A., 2013. The relation between financial literacy, financial wellbeing and financial concerns.International Journal of Business and Management,8(11), p.63. Taipaleenmaki, J. and Ikaheimo, S., 2013. On the convergence of management accounting and financial accountingthe role of information technology in accounting change.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,14(4), pp.321-348. Wang, J., Zhao, P. and Hoi, S.C., 2014. Cost-sensitive online classification.IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering,26(10), pp.2425-2438.

The Giver by Lois Lowry Essay Example

The Giver by Lois Lowry Essay Lois Lowry depicts an ideal society in her book The Giver. She successfully accomplishes this by conveying a utopian community through the eyes of a young boy named Jonas and she even won the John Newbery Medal for its great success. By following the protagonist, the reader is given the ability to recognize the ways in which the residents of the community have structured their lives over the years in order to live the most desirably. Lowry communicates to the reader the importance of societal relationship connections by implementing central themes including the importance of memory and individualism throughout the community in which Jonas is living. Jonas allows the reader to grasp the ideas and desirable behaviors the entire community shares as he is maturing in life. The community residents have imposed strict rules governing everything in daily life in order to eliminate what are some of the more depressing elements of an ordinary world. These include such things as pain, hunger, hatred, competition, and illness in exchange for happy and peaceful everyday lives. Adherence to the rules and community cooperation is the key to their utopian society. As this sounds like mere fantasy, the community is able to accomplish since no one possesses any memories of such elements. Therefore, the community is able to create and perfect society without disruption since the residents are not aware of the different choices in life that could change their community structure dramatically. With such order, the community is able to ensure the most convenient and pleasant society possible. We will write a custom essay sample on The Giver by Lois Lowry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Giver by Lois Lowry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Giver by Lois Lowry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Within the strict guidelines reserves the right to one specially selected community resident to retain all of the memories for the community as a whole. This selected resident is known as The Receiver of Memory and is highly respected. As the reader learns when Jonas is selected for this duty, that it is extremely important and is the job which is the most honored in the community (61). The retiring Receiver of Memory, The Giver, passes on the memories of the community and of the entire world onto Jonas through senses. All of the memories that passed onto Jonas are new to him and according to the rules must remain mysterious to the rest of the community. Some of the memories passed on include enjoyable ones like snow, sledding, trees, and colors. However, other memories The Giver passes on to Jonas are not so enjoyable such as pain, suffering, and death. The selection of jobs like Jonas is the foundation for the structure of the small community. The community keeps careful order of the residents by grouping them according to similar age groups starting at birth. As each group progresses to an older age group, the community ensures that the most suitable residents fill specific jobs and even families according to their abilities and interests observed and determined by the community residents. The community was so meticulously ordered, the choices were so carefully made (48). The community residents put families together by selection and request from an already selected couple and were assigned exactly two children each. Such structure was important for the community to retain its perfect environment; even the sight of colors and different weather patterns as Jonas learned were not allowed. As The Giver tried to explain the community and Jonas new assignment he stated, they dont want change. Life here is so orderly, so predictable-so painless. Its what theyve chosen (103). As Jonas received more and more of the communitys memories, including death and release, he began to gain an appreciation for each memory individually. He wished that the entire community could share them as well so that they too could have the same appreciation since he was beginning to realize how orderly and empty the lack of memories was keeping the community. He knew they could not understand without the memories since without them they could never experience things like love and pain (135). The community designated The Receiver of Memory to possess all of the memories to ensure that they did not repeat the mistakes of their p ast and to prevent change. The memories transformed Jonas and allowed him to appreciate the importance of the memories for the survival of each resident in the community. The memories gave Jonas his own individualism, something he didnt understand why it was being kept from the entire community. Jonas was determined to change the way the community structured itself forever by giving the citizens their own history. He released himself from the community physically and mentally in a quest to find Elsewhere in order to help The Giver disperse the memories to the entire community. He was awed by the surprise that lay beyond each curve of the road after a life of Sameness and predictability (172). His journey, like the memories, taught him more about the outside world because he experienced the dangers of hunger and exhaustion first hand. Jonas character develops and transforms dramatically as do the central themes throughout the Lowrys book. The transferring of the communitys memories onto Jonas created a sense of individualism for himself as well as his questioning of the current community structure. The memories transformed Jonas as he in turn plans to transform his community. He experiences the importance of individualism and sets out on a life threatening quest in hopes to allow the community as a whole to experience individualism too. However the ending is uncertain, Jonas himself is successful at understanding the importance of societal relationships by staying strong and searching for a change for his entire community.